Ainxiety | Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering and Life Sciences

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering and Life Sciences

# 345 overall · better than 77.5% of other industries

1.5/5Moderate Risk
AInxiety Score™

0/5

Complexity

1/5

Regulatory Compliance

1/5

Capex Requirements

1/5

Workforce Flexibility

2/5

Adaptability

3/5

Data Intensity

Due to the high complexity and need for specialized expertise, the Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences industry has limited potential for full AI displacement. Regulatory and capital investment barriers, along with the specialized workforce, further constrain the applicability of AI, despite some potential in data-driven and analytical components.

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Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering and Life Sciences

Are you concerned about AI disrupting this industry?

Yes

Risk composition of jobs in this industry

859,810 jobs in Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering and Life Sciences

5.7%

49,350

1.0Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists

5.5%

47,570

2.3Software Developers

4.8%

41,540

1.2Natural Sciences Managers

3.3%

28,550

1.5General and Operations Managers

2.9%

24,990

2.4Biological Technicians

2.5%

21,930

2.2Project Management Specialists

2.4%

20,980

2.0Biochemists and Biophysicists

2.4%

20,410

2.5Mechanical Engineers

2.2%

19,090

1.5Managers, All Other

2.2%

18,750

1.8Biological Scientists, All Other

1.9%

16,790

2.8Business Operations Specialists, All Other

1.9%

16,420

2.5Chemists

1.8%

15,620

2.0Computer and Information Systems Managers

1.6%

13,640

1.8Computer Hardware Engineers

1.5%

13,080

2.7Industrial Engineers

1.5%

13,080

2.8Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other

1.5%

12,620

1.6Architectural and Engineering Managers

1.3%

11,550

3.2Accountants and Auditors

1.1%

9,430

2.3Engineers, All Other

1.1%

9,480

2.2Financial Managers

1.1%

9,390

2.8Data Scientists

1.1%

9,200

2.8Histology Technicians

1.0%

8,940

2.3Electrical Engineers

1.0%

8,860

2.5Human Resources Specialists

1.0%

8,850

3.8Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive

0.9%

8,080

1.5Medical and Health Services Managers

0.9%

7,740

2.5Computer Systems Analysts

0.9%

7,770

3.3Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants

0.9%

7,780

2.5Marketing Managers

0.9%

7,560

1.5Information Security Analysts

0.9%

7,570

0.5Chief Executives

0.9%

7,380

1.8Physicists

0.8%

7,340

2.7Compliance Officers

0.8%

7,330

2.8Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products

0.8%

7,350

2.3Computer Occupations, All Other

0.8%

7,240

2.0Management Analysts

0.8%

7,180

4.2Office Clerks, General

0.8%

7,250

3.1Network and Computer Systems Administrators

0.8%

6,780

2.3Microbiologists

0.8%

6,570

3.1Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists

0.7%

79,930

3.8Tax Preparers

0.7%

6,090

2.1Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products

0.7%

6,040

3.2Electronics Engineers, Except Computer

0.7%

5,750

1.2Computer and Information Research Scientists

0.7%

5,770

1.5Aerospace Engineers

0.7%

5,690

3.5Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers

0.6%

4,990

3.0Logisticians

0.6%

5,010

3.3Computer User Support Specialists

0.6%

4,980

3.7Statisticians

0.6%

4,990

2.3Chemical Technicians

0.6%

4,860

1.2Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers

0.6%

4,870

3.2Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other

0.6%

4,790

1.5Sales Managers

0.6%

4,690

2.8Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel

0.5%

4,650

3.8Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

0.5%

4,490

3.8Computer Programmers

0.5%

4,400

3.0Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians

0.5%

54,730

2.5Advertising Sales Agents

0.5%

4,280

2.6First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers

0.5%

4,330

2.5Industrial Production Managers

0.5%

4,110

2.8Computer Network Architects

0.5%

4,030

1.4Lawyers

0.5%

4,080

1.5Human Resources Managers

0.5%

3,990

2.8Maintece and Repair Workers, General

0.4%

3,810

2.4Financial and Investment Analysts

0.4%

3,580

1.8Social Science Research Assistants

0.4%

3,540

2.1Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians

0.4%

3,540

1.3Registered Nurses

0.4%

42,760

2.0Interior Designers

0.4%

3,390

3.3Customer Service Representatives

0.4%

3,300

1.7Training and Development Specialists

0.4%

3,280

Miscellaneous Assemblers and Fabricators

0.4%

3,190

3.9Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers

0.4%

39,660

3.8Surveyors

0.4%

3,060

3.3Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians

0.4%

3,130

3.2Operations Research Analysts

0.3%

3,030

3.2Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks

0.3%

2,860

2.3Materials Scientists

0.3%

2,830

2.8Administrative Services Managers

0.3%

2,630

1.8Public Relations Specialists

0.3%

2,580

2.6Technical Writers

0.3%

2,560

3.0Facilities Managers

0.3%

2,530

2.0Soil and Plant Scientists

0.3%

2,540

3.0Agricultural Technicians

0.3%

29,960

1.8Photographers

0.3%

2,310

2.4Chemical Engineers

0.3%

2,210

1.5Nuclear Engineers

0.3%

2,250

2.0Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health

0.3%

2,130

2.5Materials Engineers

0.3%

2,130

1.5Life Scientists, All Other

0.3%

2,170

3.2Purchasing Managers

0.2%

1,960

2.3Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products

0.2%

1,860

2.0Physical Scientists, All Other

0.2%

1,920

2.1Public Relations Managers

0.2%

1,920

2.8First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers

0.2%

1,820

3.8Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

0.2%

1,800

2.8Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers

0.2%

22,830

4.0Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers

0.2%

1,690

2.6Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians

0.2%

1,750

2.7Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

0.2%

1,700

2.5Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers

0.2%

1,690

2.8Security Guards

0.2%

1,520

4.3Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks

0.2%

1,510

4.0Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand

0.2%

1,550

3.1Food Scientists and Technologists

0.2%

1,580

2.5Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health

0.2%

19,020

3.3Retail Salespersons

0.2%

1,420

4.0Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers

0.2%

17,910

1.0Actors

0.2%

1,360

2.0Animal Caretakers

0.2%

17,200

2.8Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers

0.1%

1,320

3.0Database Administrators

0.1%

16,520

3.0Demonstrators and Product Promoters

0.1%

1,230

3.9Production Workers, All Other

0.1%

1,210

4.8Data Entry Keyers

0.1%

1,120

1.3Veterinary Technologists and Technicians

0.1%

1,160

2.0Civil Engineers

0.1%

1,080

1.7Astronomers

0.1%

1,060

4.0Mechanical Drafters

0.1%

1,010

2.2Sales Engineers

0.1%

1,030

2.8Computer Network Support Specialists

0.1%

1,020

2.5Graphic Designers

0.1%

940

2.5Database Architects

0.1%

960

1.8Atmospheric and Space Scientists

0.1%

11,560

2.3Landscape Architects

0.1%

840

2.2First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers

0.1%

830

3.0Budget Analysts

0.1%

870

0.5Physicians, All Other

0.1%

890

3.3Statistical Assistants

0.1%

850

4.0Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse

0.1%

820

1.3Veterinarians

0.1%

850

3.8Machinists

0.1%

930

1.5Sociologists

0.1%

730

2.8Motor Vehicle Operators, All Other

0.1%

790

1.5Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors

0.1%

800

3.5Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

0.1%

730

2.4Pharmacists

0.1%

760

3.1Food Science Technicians

0.1%

810

1.8Training and Development Managers

0.1%

870

1.5Political Scientists

0.1%

670

2.8Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment

0.1%

700

2.5Medical Equipment Repairers

0.1%

690

3.0Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists

0.1%

700

1.7Health Education Specialists

0.1%

650

3.2Paralegals and Legal Assistants

0.1%

660

2.0Electricians

0.1%

700

3.9Stockers and Order Fillers

0.1%

650

3.3Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan

0.1%

650

2.8Medical Assistants

0.1%

660

3.5Web Developers

0.1%

680

1.8Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

0.1%

650

1.5Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other

0.1%

8,930

1.9Personal Financial Advisors

0.1%

8,900

4.1Printing Press Operators

0.1%

8,350

4.2Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks

0.1%

8,600

3.5Loan Interviewers and Clerks

0.1%

600

2.3Industrial Machinery Mechanics

0.1%

620

2.1Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners

0.1%

620

2.2Environmental Engineers

0.1%

620

1.7Petroleum Engineers

0.1%

590

3.2Receptionists and Information Clerks

0.1%

640

2.1Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

0.1%

560

2.8Web and Digital Interface Designers

0.1%

620

2.2Editors

0.1%

630

1.5Epidemiologists

0.1%

570

2.2Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers

0.1%

530

2.1Financial Specialists, All Other

0.1%

510

1.5Fundraisers

0.1%

500

1.2Nurse Practitioners

0.1%

540

2.5First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers

0.1%

490

3.7Office and Administrative Support Workers, All Other

0.1%

530

2.0Phlebotomists

0.1%

550

1.5Commercial and Industrial Designers

0.1%

550

1.7Animal Scientists

0.1%

500

4.5Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders

0.1%

6,910

2.5Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers

0.1%

460

2.5Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians

0.1%

420

2.5Calibration Technologists and Technicians

0.1%

410

1.7Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary

0.1%

430

3.8Billing and Posting Clerks

0.1%

390

3.8Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks

0.1%

460

3.5Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars

0.1%

470

3.0Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other

0.1%

390

1.1Physician Assistants

0.1%

430

1.3Nuclear Technicians

0.1%

430

2.0Nuclear Power Reactor Operators

0.1%

450

0.8Rehabilitation Counselors

0.1%

4,980

1.5Film and Video Editors

0.1%

5,620

4.6Telemarketers

0.1%

5,430

3.2Loan Officers

0.0%

350

2.5Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers

0.0%

310

4.2Cost Estimators

0.0%

340

2.3Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians

0.0%

380

0.9Community Health Workers

0.0%

330

3.0Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping

0.0%

320

2.3Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

0.0%

320

3.7Medical Records Specialists

0.0%

320

1.5Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other

0.0%

320

3.3Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers

0.0%

300

2.1Mathematicians

0.0%

350

2.2Compensation and Benefits Managers

0.0%

320

3.2Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers

0.0%

380

3.8Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

0.0%

3,980

2.8Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators

0.0%

270

2.2Hazardous Materials Removal Workers

0.0%

280

2.7Recycling Coordinators

0.0%

240

2.3Commercial Pilots

0.0%

260

1.2Physicians, Pathologists

0.0%

300

3.4Electrical and Electronics Drafters

0.0%

270

2.5Occupational Health and Safety Technicians

0.0%

240

2.6Librarians and Media Collections Specialists

0.0%

250

2.8Sales and Related Workers, All Other

0.0%

250

3.5Procurement Clerks

0.0%

280

4.7File Clerks

0.0%

220

3.2Medical Equipment Preparers

0.0%

230

1.0Protective Service Workers, All Other

0.0%

290

1.5Educational Instruction and Library Workers, All Other

0.0%

280

1.4Writers and Authors

0.0%

220

1.9Economists

0.0%

300

1.7Fundraising Managers

0.0%

260

3.0Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers

0.0%

280

3.5Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders

0.0%

320

1.2Historians

0.0%

270

0.8Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

0.0%

3,670

3.8Cargo and Freight Agents

0.0%

3,570

2.3Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate

0.0%

2,750

2.5First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers

0.0%

3,240

3.7Counter and Rental Clerks

0.0%

3,620

2.5Insurance Sales Agents

0.0%

3,400

2.8Real Estate Sales Agents

0.0%

2,730

3.8Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service

0.0%

3,350

4.1Sewing Machine Operators

0.0%

2,760

2.3Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers

0.0%

150

3.8Helpers--Production Workers

0.0%

150

3.0Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers

0.0%

170

3.2Light Truck Drivers

0.0%

140

3.8Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs

0.0%

160

2.0Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters

0.0%

140

2.0Precision Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other

0.0%

140

1.0Psychiatrists

0.0%

140

1.5Marine Engineers and Naval Architects

0.0%

170

2.3Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers

0.0%

180

2.4Forest and Conservation Technicians

0.0%

180

0.6Healthcare Social Workers

0.0%

150

3.1Legal Support Workers, All Other

0.0%

140

1.7Postsecondary Teachers, All Other

0.0%

200

1.2Teachers and Instructors, All Other

0.0%

160

2.2Instructional Coordinators

0.0%

200

2.3First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers

0.0%

160

1.5First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers

0.0%

150

2.2Carpenters

0.0%

180

4.5Packers and Packagers, Hand

0.0%

180

4.0Order Clerks

0.0%

160

3.0Pharmacy Technicians

0.0%

160

2.0Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other

0.0%

140

1.1Genetic Counselors

0.0%

210

1.0Nursing Assistants

0.0%

140

1.5First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers

0.0%

190

2.5Actuaries

0.0%

160

1.7Dietitians and Nutritionists

0.0%

160

1.7Conservation Scientists

0.0%

150

0.8Clinical and Counseling Psychologists

0.0%

190

1.5Psychologists, All Other

0.0%

200

2.5Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians

0.0%

210

1.6Construction Managers

0.0%

160

2.2Education Administrators, All Other

0.0%

210

2.7Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers

0.0%

150

1.3Social and Community Service Managers

0.0%

150

3.2Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators

0.0%

200

4.0Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

0.0%

200

3.6Semiconductor Processing Technicians

0.0%

160

1.6News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists

0.0%

2,180

3.9Fast Food and Counter Workers

0.0%

2,670

1.3Private Detectives and Investigators

0.0%

1,740

2.8First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers

0.0%

2,680

2.7Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents

0.0%

1,830

3.8Prepress Technicians and Workers

0.0%

2,570

1.5Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators

0.0%

1,940

4.8Word Processors and Typists

0.0%

2,110

3.6Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators

0.0%

1,740

1.5Personal Care Aides

0.0%

2,320

3.5Financial Clerks, All Other

0.0%

1,900

2.9Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs

0.0%

100

1.8Airfield Operations Specialists

0.0%

100

3.3Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers

0.0%

1.2Avionics Technicians

0.0%

130

2.8Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics

0.0%

2.2Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists

0.0%

2.1Maintece Workers, Machinery

0.0%

2.5Painters, Construction and Maintece

0.0%

2.5Construction and Building Inspectors

0.0%

100

2.1Financial Risk Specialists

0.0%

3.0Financial Examiners

0.0%

2.0Installation, Maintece, and Repair Workers, All Other

0.0%

3.5Credit Analysts

0.0%

1.8Labor Relations Specialists

0.0%

Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric

0.0%

0.2Surgeons, All Other

0.0%

0.7Childcare Workers

0.0%

3.2Architectural and Civil Drafters

0.0%

3.8Drafters, All Other

0.0%

2.4Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians

0.0%

100

1.5Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors

0.0%

1.7Social and Human Service Assistants

0.0%

0.8Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education

0.0%

110

2.5Archivists

0.0%

1.2Curators

0.0%

3.1Library Technicians

0.0%

1.5Teaching Assistants, Special Education

0.0%

3.2Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants

0.0%

4.1Office Machine Operators, Except Computer

0.0%

2.3Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators

0.0%

Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators

0.0%

3.8Bill and Account Collectors

0.0%

4.0Couriers and Messengers

0.0%

120

3.7Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance

0.0%

1.5Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners, All Other

0.0%

0.2Paramedics

0.0%

110

1.2Healthcare Support Workers, All Other

0.0%

130

0.3Firefighters

0.0%

2.0Chefs and Head Cooks

0.0%

130

3.2First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers

0.0%

3.8Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners

0.0%

100

2.2First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers

0.0%

1.2Architects, Except Landscape and Naval

0.0%

120

1.5Art Directors

0.0%

120

2.3Special Effects Artists and Animators

0.0%

2.0Designers, All Other

0.0%

1.5Producers and Directors

0.0%

3.0Media and Communication Workers, All Other

0.0%

120

2.8Audio and Video Technicians

0.0%

120

1.0Physical Therapists

0.0%

1.8Anthropologists and Archeologists

0.0%

1.8Advertising and Promotions Managers

0.0%

1.2Education Administrators, Postsecondary

0.0%

100

0.4Emergency Management Directors

0.0%

3.2Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters

0.0%

120

2.8Model Makers, Metal and Plastic

0.0%

120

3.7Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic

0.0%

2.0Tool and Die Makers

0.0%

2.8Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators

0.0%

3.8Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

0.0%

3.8Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

0.0%

3.5Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers

0.0%

3.4Proofreaders and Copy Markers

0.0%

120

1.7Urban and Regional Planners

0.0%

0.8Child, Family, and School Social Workers

0.0%

140

2.0Tutors

0.0%

660

2.0Riggers

0.0%

980

3.6Waiters and Waitresses

0.0%

780

3.4Medical Transcriptionists

0.0%

770

2.8First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers

0.0%

810

3.1Bartenders

0.0%

870

3.8Engine and Other Machine Assemblers

0.0%

880

3.3Insurance Underwriters

0.0%

630

1.2Counselors, All Other

0.0%

820

3.5Etchers and Engravers

0.0%

670

2.7Lighting Technicians

0.0%

860

Miscellaneous Construction and Related Workers

0.0%

1,380

3.1Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas

0.0%

680

2.3Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers

0.0%

1,070

1.8Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay

0.0%

1,110

2.7Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers

0.0%

1,300

2.0Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines

0.0%

670

3.3Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door

0.0%

600

2.6Food Service Managers

0.0%

930

1.5Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes

0.0%

820

2.5Real Estate Brokers

0.0%

680

3.8Print Binding and Finishing Workers

0.0%

1,150

4.6Desktop Publishers

0.0%

940

2.8Agricultural Inspectors

0.0%

730

3.1Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers

0.0%

840

3.7Paperhangers

0.0%

640

2.0Foresters

0.0%

730

2.1Forensic Science Technicians

0.0%

590

3.7Amusement and Recreation Attendants

0.0%

850

0.5Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators

0.0%

1,120

1.8Fashion Designers

0.0%

650

1.8Set and Exhibit Designers

0.0%

670

2.2Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers

0.0%

600

3.9Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers

0.0%

1,140

3.8Correspondence Clerks

0.0%

680

4.1Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks

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